Can you see neurons in brain3/6/2024 ![]() ![]() While the cellular organization was similar, certain genes were found to be employed differently in humans than the two other species, including many involved in neuronal connectivity. ![]() In addition, the researchers looked for human-specific features by comparing the temporal cortex - a region of the neocortex associated with language comprehension, among other higher cognitive functions - in humans and our closest living evolutionary relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas. They confirmed a linkage between microglia cells - a type of immune cell in the brain - and Alzheimer's and uncovered a linkage between certain types of brain neurons and schizophrenia, a severe mental illness marked by a disconnection from reality. The researchers mapped gene switches and brain cell types associated with Alzheimer's disease - the most common type of dementia - and various neuropsychiatric disorders including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder and major depression. "Most brain diseases still have no cures or even treatments, and this atlas should serve as a baseline to accelerate progress in understanding the detailed cellular basis of disease and targeting the next generations of therapeutics," Lein said.
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